What does the term "General Average" refer to in Ocean Marine insurance?

The term "General Average" in Ocean Marine insurance refers to a principle that ensures equitable sharing of losses that occur during a maritime venture. When a ship encounters a peril that threatens its voyage, the captain may take extraordinary measures to save the ship and cargo. For instance, some cargo may be jettisoned to lighten the load and prevent the entire vessel from sinking. Under the "General Average" principle, all parties involved in the voyage—shipowners and cargo owners—share the losses proportionally. This mutual agreement for loss sharing helps cover the sacrifices made to save the vessel and remaining cargo, making it a fundamental concept in maritime law and insurance practices.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of "General Average." A fixed amount for total loss specifically describes a different aspect of insurance related to total insurable value, while a method of cash settlement pertains to how claims are paid rather than the principle of loss sharing. Likewise, a type of liability coverage does not relate to the sharing of losses, which is central to "General Average."